Got it 👍 Let’s create a structured Chapter 2 summary of The Art of SEO: Mastering Search Engine Optimization, 4th Edition by Eric Enge, Stephan Spencer, and Jessica Stricchiola. Chapter 2 Summary – A Brief History of Search Engines 2.1 Early Days of the Web Pre-Google Search : Before modern search engines, directories like Yahoo! Directory and DMOZ (Open Directory Project) were the main way to find content. Pages were listed manually and organized by categories. Limitations : Manual curation couldn’t keep up with web growth. Listings were subjective, incomplete, and often outdated. Users increasingly demanded automated indexing . 2.2 The First Search Engines Archie (1990) : First tool to index FTP archives. Very primitive—focused on file names, not content. Excite, Lycos, AltaVista, Infoseek : Introduced in the mid-1990s. Began indexing web page content automatically. Still limited in ranking relevance. Key Shift : Move from curated directories to ...
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