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Karakteristik Pewawancara


Wawancara adalah kegiatan pegalian informasi dari narasumber untuk mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan secara akurat dan benar. Wawancara dilakukan oleh dua orang yakni penanya atau pewawancara dan narasumber. Agar wawancara yang dilakukan tepat sesuai tujuan dibutuhkan sikap atau tindak pewawancara yang membuat narasumber nyaman dan terbuka dalam memberikan informasi.

Pada tahap persiapan wawancara hal yang perlu dilakukan pewawancara adalah

1.       Pahami peranan pewawancara dan pencatat
2.       Pahami peratanyaan, panduan dan peran pertanyaan utama
3.       Ingatlah mewawancarai dua atau tiga bintara bersamaan

Agar narasumber merasa nyaman, tidak bingung maka perlu pembukaan wawancara dengan melakukan hal-hal beriut ini

1.       Berterima kasih pada responden dan perkenalkan diri anda
2.       Jelaskan tujuan dan format wawancara, pegunaan informasi, dan mengapa responden terpilih
3.       Jelaskan kerahasiaan wawancara
4.       Minta izin untuk menggunkan alat perekan
5.       Beri kesempatan pada responden untuk bertanya jika belum jelas

Selama melakukan wawancara, pewawancara harus memperhatikan hal berikut agar data dan informasi yang diperlukan terjawab oleh narasumber

1.       Jangan menyampaikan pendapat
2.       Mendengarkan dengan aktif
3.       Hindari konfrontasi
4.       80% mendengarkan 20% berbicara
5.       Ciptakan suasana yang bersahabat
6.       Lanjutkan satu pertanyaan dengan pertanyaan berikut dari topic yang sama
7.       Kendalikan wawancara; ingat, waktu anda terbatas

Setelah mendapat informasi yang diperlukan maka pewawancara hendaknya membuat sesi khusus penutupan dengan melakukan hal berikut ini :

1.       Berterimakasih pada responden
2.       Jelaskan kembali bagaimana informasi akan digunakan
3.       Jelaskan bagaimana mengakses informasi yang dikumpulkan

Demikian yang menjadi arakteristik pewawancara agar narasumber merasa nyaman, bersahabat dan terbuka dalam memberikan informasi yang dibutuhkan.
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